Which include but are not limited to

There are many activities including but not limited to running, jumping and swimming. Giambattista Giambattista 1, 8 8 silver badges 17 17 bronze badges. The Oxford comma, which follows the penultimate term in a series, is known in the United States as a serial comma. The oxford comma has been clearly pointed out to be "required" here: buzzfeed. Running Jumping and swimming however you would do that Running Jumping Swimming I recall seeing a discussion about a comma before an "and" some time back and this was the conclusion there.

Sadly, the system here doesn't allow me to post this as a comment because of lack of reputation. Ellie Kesselman 5, 3 3 gold badges 24 24 silver badges 50 50 bronze badges. Joe Joe While this is strictly correct, "but not limited to" is useful in some scenarios as a means of emphasizing the non-exclusivity of the list. I know I have negative reactions to my post, but it is correct. It's sloppy English to include redundant phrases, and "but not limited to" is, in fact, redundant.

It does not emphasize the non-exclusivity of a list, because the word "including" itself does that. Style manuals agree with me on this point. Joe, so long as "include" is not used to mean "consist of" nearby in the same piece of writing, I agree with you.

If it is so used, though, "but not limited to" tells the reader which sense of "include" is intended. The better solution is to avoid the "consist of" usage within the same context, applying the style guidance you've pointed out. Thanks for it! Joe That phrase in mainly used in legal writing. Manuals of style are of little relevance compared to minimizing loopholes when you're writing a contract.

Joe I gave a positive reaction : — renakre. Featured on Meta. Now live: A fully responsive profile. The phrase including but not limited to is typically used in legal documents , regulations , statutes , contracts or other official text.

When you want to refer to something in a general way but also make specific mentions of certain things, you may use this phrase. For example, a company hires an employee and wants to make sure that the employment contract states that the employee must abide by all the company policies and procedures. The lawyer drafting the contract may think of a few important procedures and will want to specify them in the contract but cannot think of all the possible policies and procedures applicable to the employee.

The lawyer may include contract language that may look like this:. In the event of a dispute or when we come back to what was written, we realize that it was not that clear after all. Contract lawyers or legal professionals tasked with drafting contracts should take good care in ensuring what they are writing conveys the right meaning and the intention of the parties. Copy and pasting clauses from different contracts to construct a new provision can lead to costly mistakes. Contracts or legal instruments drafted using this protocol, Garner argues, will ensure that you do not inadvertently limit the scope of your contractual provision when you introduce examples.

Van Digest Supply Co. If they are able to defend opposing views on the matter, we can safely say that the phrase including but not limited to can lead to interpretation challenges. Judges are influenced by the factual underpinnings of the case and the context in which a contractual provision is being interpreted.

From my perspective, if you are looking to draft a broad provision, you should you use words and terms allowing you to maintain the general and broad scope of your contractual provision. Skip to content The English language is full of important phrases we use and see every day.

How Do You Use the Phrase? How Do You Punctuate the Phrase? Using Language to Convey Meaning Proper use and command of language allows for better projection of ideas and innermost thoughts. Often words with similar meanings are confused by second-language learners, but that does not mean that it is impossible to learn. The group may be so large that you cannot name all of the items, or you may simply be unable to think of the rest of the list at that moment.

Using the entire phrase implies that there is more to the list than meets the eye and that it encompasses aspects that you did not state outright. We can also use it in everyday speech, but this is far less common. Image by Mohammed Hassan via Pixabay. Are Numbers Adjectives? This means that the speaker loves their parents and that their parents are Rihanna and Sherlock Holmes. This is a list of people that includes parents, Rihanna, and Garfield, and the speaker loves all of them.